First off I don't think we should go mixing universes as it just creates more headaches than answers.

What we know is that after the Nostromo was diverted to LV-426, the trip back to Earth would now be ten months. Granted the Nostromo was a commercial towing vessel so perhaps (even if FTL travel was possible in ALIEN), the Nostromo didn't have an FTL drive.

I don't mean to throw a monkey-wrench into the works, but as much as I would love to think that we can take this fictional 'story' and fit it properly into a realistic timeframe, even if loosely based on future technologies... well, here's the problem I have:

Plain and simply, the time it would take for the Sulaco to leave Earth and arrive on LV-426 cannot be realistically done in only 2 weeks*, and here's why...
(*rounded down from 17 days to keep things simpler for this example)

Radio waves are just another form of light waves, so we'll assume that radio transmissions between Earth and LV-426 cannot travel any faster than the speed of light -- 186,000 miles a second, or 669,600,000 (669.6 million) miles an hour.

For scale/distance comparisons, it takes 'light' approximately 5 hours 32 minutes to get from Earth's orbit to Pluto's orbit at the edge of our solar system.

So if it takes approximately 1 week (168 hours) for a radio transmission (light) to reach LV-426, it must be approximately 112,492,800,000 (112.5 billion) miles away from the Earth -- not accounting for orbital differences.

That said, the Sulaco would have to be capable of travelling at 334,800,000 (334.8 million) miles an hour (basically half the speed of light) to reach LV-426 in only 2 weeks (14 days). That is incomprehensibly fast for a physical spacecraft of any kind -- not to mention extremely dangerous in space.

However, let's just say for the sake of arguement that we did happen to devise some sort of 'super' engine that was capable of propelling the Sulaco at a blistering 100 million miles an hour. At that rate, it would still take approximately 1125 hours -- or 6 weeks 4 days and 21 hours to get to LV-426. Keep in mind that these are 'flat-out' speeds, and do not take into consideration acceleration and deceleration times which will increase the overall time elapsed.

Do we know what the speed capabilities are supposed to be for the Sulaco? Does it have a warp drive? Can it convert antimatter? Does it use wormhole technology? Can it fold space?

Just curious.

1. It's never mentioned where-abouts the marines originated from, so basing the timings from earth is pure speculation. LV426 could be an hour away from whatever planet or mothership the sulaco came from.

Beyond the sprawling complex of modular habitats, collectively called GATEWAY STATION, is the curve of EARTH as seen from high orbit. Blue and serene.

1. It's never mentioned where-abouts the marines originated from, so basing the timings from earth is pure speculation. LV426 could be an hour away from whatever planet or mothership the sulaco came from.

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This is cool, but I always wondered why the hell they didn'thave their own damn ship on LV-426 to gtfo dodge? Seems like there woulda been some sort of emergency bail out vehicle in the event of amedical emergency beyond the means of the station....

But that aside I am digging the timeline, nice work all!

Nostromo - commercial transport built for haulage.
Sulaco - military ship built for speed.

I'm sure that has something to do with it as well

All though I'm not sure if the colonists knew marines were on the way...that all comes down to Burke's story about 'we lost contact' being true.
Would he be the only connection between 'network' and LV-426? I have to doubt that.

Afterall what is the point in a minimum safe distance should there be nowhere else to go without supplies and shelter